Protect entrusted information while knowing when serious harm, illegality, or duty to the public changes the obligation.
A colleague shares a private medical note to explain absences, then a manager asks for the detail to plan team coverage. The ethical issue is already visible; the question is whether the team will name it before momentum decides for them. Why the framework matters Confidentiality is a trust duty, but it is not mindless secrecy. The ethical move is to limit access to people with a legitimate need and escalate only when serious harm or a clear duty overrides privacy. The framework turns the moment into a disciplined review: facts, duties, stakeholders, options, and record. That order matters because…
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