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LEGAL-WRITING5 MIN READ

Citation Signals Without Guesswork

Recall common citation signal choices based on authority relationship.

comparison battlecard No signal versus See Direct support or inferential support? Do not use See to hide a case that is only analogous; that is usually Cf. When is Cf. the honest signal? When the authority supports the point by analogy. Name the shared legally relevant fact in the parenthetical. The case is helpful, so I want the strongest-looking signal. Your response Use the most accurate signal, then make the support stronger with a precise parenthetical. Overclaiming support makes the case weaker once the reader opens it. Credibility grows when the signal matches the authority relationship. But see versus Contra…

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