Challenge analogies by rebuilding the situation from fundamentals.
Analogies need inspection First-principles floor First principles do not ban analogy; they audit it. Ask which parts of the comparison survive contact with the real constraints. Inversion check Invert the analogy by asking where copying the old playbook would produce the most damage. The answer usually points to the non-negotiable difference. Second-order view Second-order thinking asks what the copied practice will teach people to expect next time.
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