Classify automotive process steps as value-added, necessary non-value-added, or waste.
Sort each bumper-line activity by how it contributes to customer value today. Value-added work Necessary non-value-added work Waste to challenge Robot applies specified primer to the bumper surface Operator verifies safety-critical barcode traceability required by control plan Finished bumpers wait 18 hours for a full batch before paint Paint booth cures coating to customer specification Quality records destructive test results required for launch approval Forklift moves the same rack across the aisle twice because staging lanes are unclear Team re-enters the same lot number into two disconnected spreadsheets Operator clips the customer-specified sensor bracket into the fascia
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