Define a system boundary and indicator set before making a circularity performance claim.
Circularity without a boundary becomes branding. Measurement turns the claim into a management tool. Boundary first Before choosing a metric, define what is inside the system: product line, geography, customer segment, material flow, time period, and lifecycle stage. A clear boundary prevents teams from moving the goalposts when results are uncomfortable. Indicator second Choose indicators that match the model. Access models need utilization and asset-life measures. Repair models need failure, turnaround, and repeat-use measures. Resale models need grading yield and margin-after-rework measures. Recycling-only measures are too narrow for most circular business models. Interpretation third A number does not speak for…
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