SIP signals; RTP carries media
Separate SIP signaling success from RTP media success when diagnosing VoIP calls.
The move: split the call into agreement and delivery. SIP is the agreement. It handles session setup: who is calling, who is being called, where responses should go, what media is proposed, and when the session ends. RTP is the delivery path for the actual real-time media. In many systems, SIP uses well-known signaling paths through a proxy or session border controller, while RTP uses negotiated UDP ports that may take a different path. That is why one-way audio can exist after a perfectly normal SIP exchange. The endpoints agreed to talk, but the media packets were sent to an…
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