P-Values Without the Myth

The statistic should match the decision, not the slide template. The p-value is one signal A p-value is a model-compatibility signal, not proof that your idea is true. It asks how surprising data this extreme or more extreme would be if the specified null model were true. That direction matters: it conditions on the model; it does not give the probability of the model after seeing the data. The ASA guidance exists because p-values became a shortcut for judgment. A small p-value can describe a tiny effect in a huge sample. A large p-value can appear when a study is…

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