Variation Before Verdict

The statistic should match the decision, not the slide template. Spread changes the action Variation is not decoration around the real number; it is part of the process. Two teams can share an eight-day average while one delivers every case in seven to nine days and the other swings from one day to four weeks. The first process needs capacity planning; the second needs diagnosis. The mechanism is risk. Spread describes how much a future observation may differ from the center. Standard deviation works well for roughly symmetric numeric data. Interquartile range resists outliers. Percentiles tell service-level stories such as…

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