Recall which OAuth security pattern fits common API client situations.
Public app vs. confidential backend: what changes? Client type Do not issue long-lived shared secrets to public clients. When does client credentials fit? Service-to-service access where the client acts as itself, not on behalf of an end user. Still constrain audience, scopes, tenant grant, token lifetime, and resource authorization. The token is short-lived, so we do not need mTLS or DPoP. High-value machine API Your line Short lifetime reduces replay window. Sender constraint changes the condition for replay: the attacker also needs the private key or certificate. Do not treat expiry as equivalent to proof of possession. It clarifies that…
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